Robert Talbert, a mathematics professor at Grand Valley State University in Michigan, responds to student perceptions that courses embracing the flipped classroom model are just requiring students to teach themselves. He states that a flipped classroom does not automatically provide an outstanding learning experience. “What it provides is space and time for instructors to design learning activities and then carry them out, by relocating the transfer of information to outside the classroom. But then the instructor has the responsibility of using that space and time effectively. And sometimes that doesn’t work. In particular, if there’s no real value in the class time, then the students are not mistaken when they say they are teaching themselves the subject, and they are not wrong to resent it. So what this means is that with the flipped classroom model, the instructor has the responsibility of designing what we might call crucial learning experiences – experiences without which you can’t honestly say you’ve learned the subject.”